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Gull-billed Tern

Gelochelidon nilotica Gmelin, 1789
Қаратұмсық қарқылдақ
Gull-billed Tern summer plumage 1 / 3

summer plumage Kulanbasy, Balkhash region, Almaty oblast

all species photos · 225 →
status in Kazakhstan
nests here · on migration
conservation status
IUCN LCleast concern
sizes
35–⁠38 cm, wingspan 95–⁠110 cmweight 130–⁠260 g
when to see it
March — October
on the site
225 observationslast: 11 Oct 2026

Description

Довольно крупная крачка, размерами больше голубя, массой меньше. Черной шапочкой и сизой мантией похожа на речную крачку, но заметно крупнее, с массивным черным клювом и черными ногами, с чисто белым низом тела. Хвост короткий, с неглубокой вырезкой. В осеннем оперении от черной шапочки остается серая полоса через глаз и сероватый налет с темными пестринами на темени и на затылке. У молодых примерно такая же окраска головы, но часто с рыжеватым или бурым налетом, на мантии бурые и рыжеватые пестрины, есть бурый цвет на первостепенных маховых и рулевых, клюв летом с желтым основанием, чернеет к осени, ноги розовато-бурые. Вес 130-260 г, длина 35-38, крыло 30,1-34,1, размах 95-110 см.

Distribution

Breeds in southern part of Kazakhstan, in north to Zhanybek and Kamysh-Samar lakes in Volga-Ural interfluve, lower reaches of Ilek, Tengiz lake and Zaysan depression. Episodically nests in Naurzum Reserve. On dispersal and migration occurs everywhere, excepting the mountain areas.
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  8. VIII
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  10. X
  11. XI
  12. XII
  • Breeding
  • Migration
  • Wintering

Map © Birds.kz. Copying without permission is prohibited

Subspecies

Latest observations

all species photos · 225 →

Biology

Common breeding migrant. Inhabits the islands of Caspian Sea, the salty and fresh lakes and rivers with islands and located nearby the low-grassed lands, where Gull-billed Terns find the food. In spring arrives in small flocks in the end of March – April until May (in northern parts of breeding range). Breeds in dense colonies up to several hundred pairs, together with gulls, other terns and waders often. Nest is located in the shallow hole on the ground often without lining (sometimes there are only a few dry blades of grass), nests are built close one to another. Clutch of 2-3 eggs is produced in early May – early July. Both parents incubate for 22-23 days and care for juveniles which hatch in end April – August, and begin to fly at age 28-35 days old. Independent juveniles recorded from the end of June. The repeated nesting after loss of first clutch is not rare. Autumn migration is mostly in August, latest birds recorded in mid – end September.

Sources

Gavrilov E. I., Gavrilov A. E. "The Birds of Kazakhstan". Almaty, 2005. Э.И.Гаврилов. "Фауна и распространение птиц Казахстана". Алматы, 1999. В.К.Рябицев. "Птицы Урала, Приуралья и Западной Сибири". Екатеринбург. Изд-во Уральского университета, 2000.