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Common Tern

Sterna hirundo Linnaeus, 1758
Өзен қарқылдағы
Common Tern summer plumage 1 / 2

summer plumage Kirovskoe Lake, Akjaik region, West Kazakhstan oblast

all species photos · 936 →
status in Kazakhstan
nests here · on migration
conservation status
IUCN LCleast concern
sizes
31–⁠35 cm, wingspan 82–⁠95 cmweight 97–⁠175 g
when to see it
April — October
on the site
936 observationslast: 3 Jul 2026
videos
4

Description

Крачка среднего размера, с дрозда. Туловище белое, с легким сизым налетом, мантия светло-сизая, шапочка черная. Хвост длинный, с глубокой вырезкой. Ноги красные или буро-красные, клюв красный в основании и черный в вершинной части, соотношение красного и черного может быть очень различным - от красного клюва с черной вершиной до полностью черного. Щеки и грудь нередко бывают с розовым налетом. В осеннем пере лоб и темя белые, остальное оперение - почти как весной, но светлее, на клюве черного больше, чем весной. У молодых окраска в общем как у осенних взрослых, но мантия с крупными бурыми пестринами, хвост короткий, клюв черновато-бурый, с желтым или оранжевым основанием, ноги оранжевые или желто-оранжевые, часто с бурым налетом. Вес 97-175 г, длина 31-35, крыло 25,0-28,8, размах 82-95 см

Distribution

In Kazakhstan breeds and occurs on migration almost everywhere excepting the waterless deserts. Please see the detailed races distribution of in the section Subspecies.
  1. I
  2. II
  3. III
  4. IV
  5. V
  6. VI
  7. VII
  8. VIII
  9. IX
  10. X
  11. XI
  12. XII
  • Breeding
  • Migration
  • Wintering

Map © Birds.kz. Copying without permission is prohibited

Subspecies

Latest observations

all species photos · 936 →

Species videos · 4

all species videos · 4 →

Biology

Common breeding migrant. Inhabits rivers and lakes with sandy, pebbly or saline soil shores and scanty vegetation; and rarer the lakes with reed-beds. In spring arrives in mid-April – early May in small flocks of 5-8 up to two dozen birds. Breeds both in small groups and in large colonies sometimes up to several thousand pairs, often together with Little Terns, waders and gulls; prefers the islands near the shore. Nest is located on the ground in shallow hole without lining or is lined with a few dry blades of grass; but in case of location nest in reed-beds the nest is built from the dry reed leaves and other plants on the heaps of old reed stems. Clutch of 2-3, rare 1 or 4-9 eggs (in last case several females lay eggs in one nest) is produced in the end of May to July. Both parents incubate clutch and care for chicks. Flying juveniles recorded from the end of June. Repeated nesting after loss of first clutches occurs often. Autumn migration begins is early, probably from the end of July. Common Terns leave the most breeding areas until the end of August – mid-September, some birds linger into the first decade of October.

Sources

Gavrilov E. I., Gavrilov A. E. "The Birds of Kazakhstan". Almaty, 2005. Э.И.Гаврилов. "Фауна и распространение птиц Казахстана". Алматы, 1999. В.К.Рябицев. "Птицы Урала, Приуралья и Западной Сибири". Екатеринбург. Изд-во Уральского университета, 2000.