Great Tit
Parus major Linnaeus, 1758
Үлкен шымшық


1 / 3
female Almaty
male Uralsk, West Kazakhstan oblast
female and juvenile Almaty, Republic Square
- status in Kazakhstan
- nests here · winters here
- conservation status
- IUCN LCleast concern
- sizes
- 13–17 cm, wingspan 22–26 cmweight 14–21 g
- when to see it
- April — Septemberwinters: October — March
- on the site
- 1296 observationslast: 8 Oct 2026
- videos
- 7
Description
С воробья. Общеизвестная птица с желтым низом туловища и зеленой спиной. Голова черная, с большими белыми пятнами на щеках. На груди продольная черная полоса, которая у самца на брюшке расширяется. У самки желтый цвет низа бледнее, черная полоса на брюшке сужается или сходит на нет. У молодых черные элементы рисунка без блеска, желтый цвет низа грязноватый, щеки желтоватые. К концу лета молодые приобретают взрослое оперение и в первую зиму отличаются тем, что наружные края на кроющих первостепенных маховых иного цвета, чем на средних и малых кроющих второстепенных маховых (видно только вблизи). Вес 14-21 г, длина 13-17, крыло 7,0-8,2, размах 22-26 см.
Distribution
Breeds everywhere in Ural valley down to delta, in Ilek valley, in Northern Kazakhstan, in south to Naurzum Reserve and Shortandy; in middle part of Mugodjary ridge brood recorded 20 June; lives in Irtysh valley and in Pavlodar Trans-Irtysh area; in Kalbinskiy Altai, in Southwest Altai, in Kazakh Upland (Karkaralinsk, Kent), in Saur, Tarbagatay and Dzhungarskiy Alatau. In 1960-1962 it was introduced in Almaty and now breeds in Zailiyskiy Alatau, its foothills and on adjacent plains. In July 1997 recorded in Chulak mountains, in June 2002 in Charyn grove and from 1996 in Kungey Alatau. Since winter 1994 appears in Dzhabagly village. On dispersal and in winter occurs in south of breeding range, in lower Emba (Kulsary), Aralsk town, in Kurgaldzhino Reserve, at Karaganda and in Ile delta.
- I
- II
- III
- IV
- V
- VI
- VII
- VIII
- IX
- X
- XI
- XII
- Breeding
- Migration
- Wintering
Map © Birds.kz. Copying without permission is prohibited
Subspecies
- Great Tit Parus major major
- Hybrid Tit Parus (major x bokharensis)
Latest observations
all species photos · 1296 →Species videos · 7
all species videos · 7 →Biology
Common resident. Inhabits the deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests, groves and shelterbelts on plains and in mountains at altitudes up to 1300-1400 m. Pairs are formed in February-March. Breeds in separate pairs far one from another. Nest is located in tree hole (natural or bored by Woodpecker; in poplar, elm, willow, birch), in cavities of human construction, or in nest-boxes at height up to 5 m above the ground; nest is built from dry grass, rootlets and moss and is lined with plenty of hair and feathers. Clutch of 7-15 eggs is laid in mid-April to early July. Female builds nest for 4-10 days and incubates clutch for 11-14 days. Both parents feed juveniles which fledges in end of May to end of August. Female begins to lay the second clutch before 1-2 days or after 1-2 days of fledging of first offspring. Rears two broods per season, re-nesting after loss of first clutch is common. Most of the year lives in small groups of 3-10 birds.
Sources
Gavrilov E. I., Gavrilov A. E. "The Birds of Kazakhstan". Almaty, 2005. Э.И.Гаврилов. "Фауна и распространение птиц Казахстана". Алматы, 1999. В.К.Рябицев. "Птицы Урала, Приуралья и Западной Сибири". Екатеринбург. Изд-во Уральского университета, 2000.
3
2



